The antlions are members of the family Myrmeleontidae, the most diverse family within Neuroptera. The antlions are known by their unique behavior of the predatory larvae, such as hiding under loose sand and soil or building conical pitfalls to ambush and capture prey. The antlion tribe Myrmeleontini is a diverse tribe within Myrmeleontidae consisting of only pitfall builders. Recent phylogenetic works of Myrmeleontidae all suggest an unclear relationship among species within Myrmeleontini, with a species-rich genus Myrmeleon being paraphyletic. The present study focuses on the Myrmeleontini species in Taiwan, furthermore explore the diversity of Myrmeleontini in Taiwan, also the first to explore the diversity of several associated islands: Kinmen, Penghu and Lanyu. By collecting specimens throughout Taiwan and examine materials in collections, a total of nine species of Myrmeleontini are identified, belonging to two genera: Baliga and Myrmeleon, two additional species that was previously recorded in Taiwan: Baliga brunneipennis (Esben-Petersen) and Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder), are not collected or examined in collections. Of the nine species, Myrmeleon bimaculatus Yang is recorded in Taiwan for the first time, as well as a first recording of the larval stage. Both adults and larvae of the nine species are redescribed, also provided with detailed images and identification keys. Baliga alticola comb. nov. is proposed by comparing morphological characters. A DNA analysis of COI gene of the Taiwanese species and additional sequences from GenBank are conducted, supporting the monophyly of the Taiwanese species, as well as suggesting Myrmeleon heppneri Miller Stange being a possible synonym of Myrmeleon solers Walker and the distribution of Baliga asakurae (Okamoto) in China and Vietnam. In addition, several morphological characters of Myrmeleontini are compare for the first time, such as the arrangement of the larval abdominal digging setae, wing shape, terminalia and male genitalia. As combination of these characters can separate the Taiwanese species into groups, I proposed these characters can be useful in discriminating the relationship among species within the tribe Myrmeleontini and to define different species groups or genera in future phylogenetic works.